题目： Approach-avoidance processes contribute to dissociable impacts of risk and loss on choice

报告人：Nicholas Wright

MRCP PhD, Associate, Stanton Fellow

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

时间：11月18日，下午1:00-2:30 PM

地点：生命科学学院邓佑才报告厅

邀请人: 李健

摘要：

Risk in potential outcomes powerfully drives human decision-making. So does whether these potential outcomes reflect gains or losses. The dominant view (e.g. Kahneman and Tversky, 1979) is that these variables are related in a specific fashion, manifest in risk aversion for gains and risk seeking for losses. We show this view is incorrect, and instead we explain behaviour using a simpler neurobiological account.

In a series of experiments we used fMRI, reaction times, adolescent development, causal go-no/go manipulations and lesion patients (total n>400). First, we show independent effects of risk and loss on choice. Second, we show how these influences derive, at least in part, from low-level approach avoidance mechanisms. Our data are not predicted by existing theory, for example we can consistently generate greater gambling for gains than losses. However, we can explain these new findings, as well as classic findings, within a biologically grounded account of choice as the product of multiple neural decision systems.